Υπάρχουν τέσσερις τύποι υποθετικού λόγου:
1. The 'zero' conditional,
IF'
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MAIN
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If + simple present If you heat ice If it rains |
simple present it melts. you get wet |
2. The Type 1 conditional,
IF'
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MAIN
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If + simple present If it rains If you don't hurry |
Simple future you will get wet we will miss the train. |
3. The Type 2 conditional,:
IF'
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MAIN
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If + simple past If it rained If you went to bed earlier |
Present conditional you would get wet you wouldn't be so tired. |
4. The Type 3 conditional,
IF'
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MAIN
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If + past perfect If it had rained If you had worked harder |
Perfect conditional you would have got wet you would have passed the exam. |
Υπάρχει και ένας συνδυαστικός υποθετικός του 2ου με τον 3ο .
IF'
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MAIN
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If + past perfect If I had worked harder at school If we had looked at the map |
Present conditional I would have a better job now. we wouldn't be lost. |
UNLESS
Το Unless σημαίνει «εάν δεν». ‘Όπως και το if ακολουθείται από Ενεστώτα, Αόριστο και Υπερσυντέλικο (ποτέ από 'would').Type 1: (Unless + present) |
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Type 2: (Unless + past) |
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Type 3: (Unless + past perfect) |
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Conditional : Unreal Past
Καμιά φορά μπορεί το ρήμα της υποθετικής πρότασης να
είναι στον Αόριστό, αλλά να μιλάμε για παροντική κατάσταση.
If an elephant and a mouse fell in love,
they would have many problems.
Μιλάμε για μια
υποθετική κατάσταση, χρησιμοποιώντας Αόριστο αλλά χωρίς να αναφερόμαστε στο παρελθόν.
Αυτός είναι ο unreal
past.
Χρησιμοποιούμε unreal past:
- Μετά από λέξεις και εκφράσεις με το 'if' (supposing, if only, what if);
- μετά από το ρήμα 'to wish';
- Μετά την έκφραση 'I'd rather..'
I'd rather and it's time...
Όταν προτιμάμε κάτι να πραγματοποιηθεί από κάποιον άλλον πέραν από εμάς, τότε:I'd rather + past tense:
- I'd rather you went
- He'd rather you called the police
- I'd rather you didn't hunt elephants.
- I'd rather you went = not me,
- I'd rather you went = don't stay
- He'd rather you called the police = he doesn't want to
- He'd rather you called the police = not the ambulance service
it's time + past tense:
- It's (high) time I went.
- It's time you paid that bill.
- Don't you think it's time you had a haircut?